• Liquid Level Measurement: Used in tanks, wells, pits, or lakes.
• Open Channel Flow: Used in water treatment plants, environmental monitoring, and irrigation canals for flow calculation.
• Wastewater: Performs well in sludge and clarifier measurements.
• Chemical: Effective in harsh environments.
• Food and Beverages: Ideal for maintaining hygiene and precision.

Ultrasonic level sensors operate by emitting a burst of sound waves that travel to the target and bounce back to the sensor. It needs an unobstructed air column between the sensor and target. Temperature compensation is used to adjust for the speed of sound in air over the working temperature range.

Radar level sensors utilize electromagnetic waves that travel to the target and bounce back to the sensor. These waves travel much faster and are less affected by temperature. Radar can measure longer distances with more stable results. The radar’s effectiveness depends on the target material’s dielectric constant.

Dielectrics are materials that don’t allow current to flow. They are more often called insulators because they are the exact opposite of conductors. The dielectric constant is a measure of the amount of electric potential energy, in the form of induced polarization that is stored in a given volume of material under the action of an electric field. It is expressed as the ratio of the dielectric permittivity of the material to that of a vacuum or dry air. Here are a few examples of the dielectric constants of different materials. Additional information can be found on the web.

Air = 1.000586
Crude Oil = 2.428
Polyethelyne = 2.3 – 2.4
Water = 80